Analysis of the Differences in Thai Education Models and Their Impact on Learners' Learning Outcomes

Abstract

This academic article relates how various aspects of the Thai education system influence students' academic achievements to analyze the differences between each current Thai education system as defined in the National Education Act B.E. 2542 (1999) and Amendments (Second National Education Act B.E. 2545 (2002)). The learning outcomes in this context refer to the development of skills, knowledge, abilities, and the adaptability of learners, which result from various educational processes. These outcomes encompass the acquisition of knowledge, the enhancement of life and professional skills, the adaptation to social life, and lifelong learning.

The analysis found that formal education provides a well-structured learning framework and curriculum, with clearly defined assessment criteria. This allows learners to develop both academically and in terms of the skills necessary for further education. In contrast, non-formal education offers flexibility in terms of content, format, and duration, enabling learners to develop skills that align with their needs and environment, even though formal assessments are not always in place. As for informal education, learners are able to pursue knowledge based on their interests and abilities through various learning resources, without formal assessments, yet they continue learning throughout their lives.

This study concluded that the three education systems yield different learning outcomes depending on their structure. Systems with clear frameworks and formal assessments promote readiness for further education, while systems with high flexibility effectively help learners develop skills tailored to their individual needs.