Integrating Multimodal and Technology-Enhanced Approaches in ESP Instruction for Hospitality and Tourism: A Meta-Analytic Perspective

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of multimodal approaches and technology on the instruction of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in hospitality and tourism management. Utilizing a meta-analysis methodology, the study synthesizes data from relevant research published in peer-reviewed journals. It focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), gamification, mobile applications, and online platforms in enhancing learner engagement, retention, and language skill development within the context of hospitality and tourism. The findings reveal that these technologies significantly improve learner engagement by creating diverse and immersive learning experiences, such as simulating real-world scenarios in hotels or airports. Additionally, mobile applications provide flexible and effective opportunities for self-directed learning. However, challenges remain, including the high costs of acquiring technology, a shortage of personnel with technical expertise, and limited accessibility for learners in under-resourced areas. This study offers recommendations for educators and industry trainers on integrating multimodal approaches into curricula to enhance the effectiveness of ESP instruction. It also emphasizes the importance of providing necessary resources to support multimodal learning across various contexts. The findings underscore the potential for advancing ESP pedagogy through these innovations, paving the way for future development in language instruction methodologies.