Architectural Design Guidelines for Enhancing the Potential of Individuals with Autism, Individuals with Down Syndrome, and Their Families

Abstract

The number of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder  and Down Syndrome has continued to increase, while support systems for education, potential development, and preparation for independent living remain limited. Furthermore, most built environments do not adequately respond to the specific needs of these users, affecting their learning, life skills development, and social participation. This research aims to study and synthesize architectural design guidelines for a potential development center for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, individuals with Down Syndrome, and their families. The proposed center is intended to support learning, life skills development, vocational preparation, and social participation through an appropriate architectural environment.
The study was conducted through a review of relevant literature and research, analysis of domestic and international case studies, investigation of user behaviors and needs, and synthesis of architectural design criteria. The design approach was developed based on the concepts of Neurodiversity, Therapeutic
Architecture, Inclusive Design, Nature-Based Design, and the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to support learning environments and environmental adaptation according to individual user needs.
The findings led to the development of design guidelines comprising sensory zoning, transition spaces that facilitate adaptation between activities, therapeutic landscapes, and responsive environmental systems capable of accommodating diverse user requirements. These design strategies demonstrate the potential of architectural environments to enhance learning, personal development, independence, and social participation among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, individuals with Down Syndrome, and their families. The study further proposes an architectural framework for the future development of potential development centers that comprehensively and sustainably address the specific needs of their users.