Food Waste, Social Media, and Gen Z: A Recipe for Sustainable Consumption
Keywords:
Attitude toward Sustainable Food Consumption, Food Literacy; Informational Posts, In-fluencer Endorsements, Social Media, Stimulus-Organism-Response Model, Sustainable Consumption BehaviorAbstract
This study examines how social media influences sustainable food literacy among Thai Generation Z. Utilising the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, it investigates the impact of informational posts and influencer endorsements on attitudes toward sustainable food consumption, as well as the subsequent development of meal planning skills, food labeling comprehension, food storage knowledge, and the practical application of sustainability principles. Data were gathered through an online questionnaire distributed on social media platforms used by Thai Gen Z. The sample of 352 Gen Z participated in the online questionnaire process. The findings indicate that influencer endorsements significantly and positively shape attitudes, which, in turn, enhance all four dimensions of sustainable food literacy. Conversely, informational posts show no significant direct or mediated effects. These results highlight that relatable and credible influencers are more effective in promoting sustainable food practices among Gen Z than informational content alone, emphasising the power of culturally engaging, personality-driven communication. The study provides theoretical contribution by refining the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model in the context of social media’s influence on sustainable food literacy among Thai Gen Z. It fills a gap in the literature by differentiating the effects of two social media stimuli, informational posts and influencer endorsements, on attitudes and food literacy behaviours.
References
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Antonetti, P., & Maklan, S. (2016). The dark side of sustainability: When sustainability leads to negative consumer responses. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3802-3811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.017
Ashoori, M., Omidvar, N., Eini-Zinab, H., Shakibazadeh, E., & Doustmohamadian, A. (2020). Development and validation of food and nutrition literacy assessment tool for Iranian high-school graduates and youth. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11, Article 185. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_466_19
Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.12.002
Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2009). The dark side of information: Overload, anxiety and other paradoxes and pathologies. Journal of Information Science, 35(2), 180–191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551508095781
Bazhan, M., Shafiei Sabet, F., & Borumandnia, N. (2023). Development and validation of a questionnaire to examine deter-minants of consumer intentions to purchase organic food. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00731-y
Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, M., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2021). Understanding influencer marketing: The role of con-gruence between influencers, products and consumers. Journal of Business Research, 132, 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.067
Carvalho, R., Lucas, M. R., & Marta‐Costa, A. (2025). Food Waste Reduction: A Systematic Literature Review on Integrating Policies, Consumer Behavior, and Innovation. Sustainability, 17(7), 3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073236
Chen, L., Haider, M. J., & He, J. (2024). Should “green information” be interactive? The influence of green information presentation on consumers’ green participation behavior for driving sustainable consumption of fashion brands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 470, 143329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143329
Cullen, S., Murphy, R., & Maher, C. (2015). Food literacy and the role of nutrition in food choice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(10), 12951–12969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012951
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/0265048 7.2017.1348035
Evans, D., Campbell, H., & Murcott, A. (2020). Beyond waste: Managing food waste in the age of scarcity. Sustainability, 12(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020509
FAO. (2021). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2021. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4474en
Gunawan, D. D., & Huarng, K. H. (2015). Viral effects of social network and media on consumers’ purchase intentions. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2237–2241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.004
Herath, H. M. T. S., & Wanigasuriya, W. A. D. N. (2025). Credibility counts: The impact of social media influencers on healthy and nutritious food purchase intention in Sri Lanka. Journal of Business and Technology, 9(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.4038/jbt.v9i1.155
Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15(4), 635–650. https://doi.org/10.1086/266350
Huang, R., Yang, J., & Wang, L. (2023). Economic constraints and sustainable consumption behaviors: A study on the trade-off between sustainability and affordability. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 25(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-022-00384-3
Jin, S.V., Muqaddam, A. and Ryu, E. (2019), "Instafamous and social media influencer marketing", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 37 No. 5, pp. 567-579. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2018-0375
Jin, S. V., & Muqaddam, A. (2022). Influence of influencers on Gen Z’s sustainable consumption choices. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 21(1), 118-135. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1914
Jung, J., Shim, S. W., Jin, H. S., & Khang, H. (2016). Factors affecting attitudes and behavioural intention towards social net-working advertising: A case of Facebook users in South Korea. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 248–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015. 1014777
Ki, C. W. C., Cuevas, L. M., Chong, S. M., & Lim, H. S. (2020). Influencer marketing: Social media influencers as human brands attaching to followers and yielding positive marketing results by fulfilling needs. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Ser-vices, 55, 102133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102133
Kim, H. J., & Han, H. (2020). The impact of social media on eco-tourism decisions: The role of influencer endorsements. Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtras.2020.07.008
Kim, J., Lee, K., & Shin, H. (2021). Misinformation on social media and food sustainability: The effect of false claims on consumer attitudes. Sustainability, 13(5), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052767
Koay, K. Y., Pang, P. M., & Chua, A. Y. (2022). Social media and food sustainability: How digital content influences consumer choices. Journal of Consumer Research, 48(6), 1020-1036. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucab036
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401
Kumar, A., & Pandey, M. (2023). Social Media and Impact of Altruistic Motivation, Egoistic Motivation, Subjective Norms, and EWOM toward Green Consumption Behavior: An Empirical Investigation. Sustainability, 15(5), 4222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054222
Lim, S. P., Wang, L., & Zhao, Y. (2023). Understanding pro-environmental behaviors: Social media’s role in fostering food sustainability among Gen Z. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101892
Liu, X., & Zheng, X. (2024). The persuasive power of social media influencers in brand credibility and purchase intention. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 15.
Lou, C., & Yuan, L. (2019). How social media influencers affect sustainable consumption behaviors in Gen Z. Sustainability, 11(10), 2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102823
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. MIT Press.
Muda, M., & Hamzah, M. I. (2021). The impact of UGC source credibility on eWOM and purchase intention. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 409-426. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-11-2020-0249
Oakley, R. L., & Salam, A. F. (2014). Examining the impact of computer-mediated social networks on individual consumerism environmental behaviors. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 516–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.033
Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L., & Verspaget, M. (2020). Celebrity vs. influencer endorsements in advertising: The role of identi-fication, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit. International Journal of Advertising, 39(2), 258–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 513-523. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513
Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention—behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792772143000003
Smith, M. (2020). Generation Z and social media: The evolving influence of digital activism. Social Media + Society, 6(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120904427
Sokolova, K., & Kefi, H. (2020). Instagram and YouTube bloggers promote it, why should I buy? How credibility and par-asocial interaction influence purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, 101742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.01.011
Taufique, K. M. R., Vocino, A., & Polonsky, M. J. (2021). The influence of eco-label knowledge and trust on pro-environmental consumer behaviour in an emerging market. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 29(4), 334–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2019.1569111
Taufique, K. M. R., Mollah, M. N., & Ehsan, M. (2021). Influence of social media on consumer sustainability behavior. Envi-ronmental Economics and Policy Studies, 23(3), 445-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-021-00313-0
Teoh, C. W., Koay, K. Y., & Chai, P. S. (2022). The role of social media in food waste prevention behaviour. British Food Journal, 124(5), 1680–1696. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-04-2021-0368
Testa, F., Iraldo, F., & Daddi, T. (2018). Greenwashing in environmental marketing: A systemic review of the literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3150-8
Thailand Pollution Control Department. (2024). Thailand’s food waste statistics and trends. Pollution Control Department. https://www.pcd.go.th/
Truman, E., Martin, R., & Thompson, L. (2017). Practical approaches to reducing food waste through improved food literacy. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 41(6), 632-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12352
UNEP. (2024). Food waste in Asia Pacific: Current trends and outlook. United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unep.org/
Vermeir, I., & Verbeke, W. (2008). Sustainable food consumption: Exploring the consumer attitude-behavior gap. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 21(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-007-9055-7
Vidgen, H., & Gallegos, D. (2014). Food literacy: A critical tool in tackling food insecurity. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 38(1), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12032
Wang, S., Zhang, X., & Li, Z. (2023). Social media as a tool for promoting sustainable food consumption among Generation Z. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 33(1), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1312
Wang, Y., Li, Y., & Liu, X. (2021). Green consumption behavior: A meta-analysis of social media influence. Sustainability, 13(4), 512-529. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041512
Zhao, L., Qiu, Z., & Li, Q. (2022). Understanding food waste behavior in the digital age: The role of social media. Journal of Business Research, 141, 307-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.009
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 ICON International Journal of Management

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles in this journal are copyrighted by the x may be read and used for academic purposes, such as teaching, research, or citation, with proper credit given to the author and the journal.use or modification of the articles is prohibited without permission.
statements expressed in the articles are solely the opinions of the authors.
authors are fully responsible for the content and accuracy of their articles.
other reuse or republication requires permission from the journal."