Development of Learning Activities Based on Constructivism and Music Therapy Concept to Promote Attention Span and Musical Skills among Primary Students with ADHD at Wat Chom Thong School, Phitsanulok Province

Abstract

This research aimed to 1) create and determine the efficiency of learning activities based on the 80/80 criteria, 2) compare the students' attention spans before and after participating in the learning activities, 3) compare the students' basic musical skills before and after participating in the learning activities, and 4) examine the students' satisfaction with the learning activities among primary students with ADHD at Wat Chom Thong School in Phitsanulok Province. This study employed an experimental research design. The sample consisted of 15 primary school students with ADHD from Wat Chom Thong School, Phitsanulok Province, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included 1) lesson plans, 2) an attention span observation tool, 3) a basic musical skills test, and 4) a satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using mean, percentage, standard deviation, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results revealed that 1) the developed learning activities consisted of four learning steps, with an efficiency of 82.50/84.75, which met the established 80/80 criteria; 2) the students' attention spans after participating in the learning activities were significantly higher than those before participating at the .05 significance level; 3) the students' basic musical skills scores after participating in the learning activities were significantly higher than those before participating at the .05 significance level; and 4) the students' overall satisfaction with the learning activities was at a high level (M = 4.37, S.D. = 0.66).