Viewpoints of Network Leaders in Thailand’s Learning Cities

Abstract

This qualitative multiple–case study pursues two objectives: (1) to examine and compare network leaders’ Viewpoints on promoting lifelong learning (LLL) in Thailand’s learning cities; and (2) to analyse the factors that enable or hinder LLL in these contexts. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 key informants including municipal executives, government officers, academics, private sector representatives, and civil society leaders selected through purposive sampling from four case-study cities: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Hat Yai, and Phuket. Data were analyzed through content analysis and inductive interpretation. The results revealed that all leaders viewed a “learning city” as a multistakeholder learning ecosystem enabling continuous access to learning for people of all ages. Municipalities served as central coordinating mechanisms linking diverse sectors. Four enabling factors were identified: (1) leadership and policy vision, (2) multistakeholder collaboration, (3) cultural capital and local identity, and (4) infrastructure and academic support. Major challenges included policy discontinuity, digital and generational gaps, and unequal access to learning opportunities. The study concludes that the sustainability of learning cities in Thailand depends not only on physical resources but on networked leadership and learning governance integrating cultural capital with collaborative management under municipal leadership. Policy implications suggest establishing integrated learning city mechanisms at the provincial or municipal level and developing leadership training and data platforms to strengthen equity and sustainability in line with UNESCO’s framework.