Transforming University Sports Associations into Learning Organizations: A Case Study of Harbin Normal University

Abstract

This study investigated how a Chinese university sports association can be transformed into a learning organization by focusing on three key dimensions: learning culture, optimized structure, and supportive environment. A mixed-methods design was employed at Harbin Normal University, involving a questionnaire survey of 134 student association members and in-depth interviews with 11 faculty advisors. Quantitative results from multiple regression analysis indicated that all three dimensions significantly predicted the perceived effectiveness of the sports association as a learning organization (R² = 0.45, F = 35.08, p < .001). Among these factors, a supportive environment emerged as the strongest predictor of successful organizational learning (β = 0.33), followed by a strong learning culture (β = 0.30) and an optimized structure (β = 0.26). Qualitative findings revealed that the sports association provided valuable opportunities for students’ leadership development, teamwork, and emotional well-being; however, it faced challenges such as limited resources, unclear organizational structures, and weak institutional backing. Based on these insights, the study proposes an integrated strategy that combines experiential learning initiatives, participatory leadership structures, and strengthened policy support. This strategy aims to guide the transformation of university sports associations into sustainable, student-centered learning environments in higher education. The findings underscore the critical role of institutional support and organizational adaptation in enhancing the educational impact of collegiate sports associations.