Upekkha Parami in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

Abstract

          This academic article aims to analyze "Upekkha Barami" (the Perfection of Equanimity) within the context of Theravada Buddhist philosophy, presenting its definitions, levels of cultivation, and illustrative examples from the Tipitaka and significant Jataka stories. The analysis draws upon teachings from the Tipitaka, its commentaries, and various Jataka tales to elucidate Upekkha Barami as a state of mind rooted in wisdom, compassion, and inner peace. Upekkha Barami is not mere emotional indifference but rather a stable, non-reactive state of mind that remains unaffected by worldly vicissitudes, while being open to truth and the impermanence of all things. This article categorizes Upekkha Barami into three levels: Upekkha Barami (basic level), Upekkha Upabarami (intermediate level), and Upekkha Paramattha Barami (highest level), illustrating the progressive development of spiritual maturity—from maintaining calm in daily life to the ultimate sacrifice of life itself with an unshaken mind. The article also proposes the "UPEKKHA" model, comprising seven core elements: Understanding of Kamma, Peaceful Detachment, Ethical Mindfulness, Knowing Impermanence, Kind-Rooted Equanimity, Higher Sacrifice, and Actualization of Insight. This model reflects the integrative nature of Upekkha Barami, combining spiritual, ethical, and intellectual dimensions for holistic personal development. In conclusion, Upekkha Barami is both a profound goal and a practical path for inner growth and is an essential virtue for fostering peace at both individual and societal levels.