Perfection of Renunciation in Theravada Buddhist Philosophy

Abstract

This article aimed to analytically study the Perfection of Renunciation (Nekkhamma Parami) in Theravada Buddhist philosophy. The findings revealed that renunciation in Theravada Buddhism involves the relinquishment of physical and mental pleasures tied to sensual desires, such as sights, tastes, smells, sounds, physical sensations, and emotional gratification. This renunciation may include giving up possessions, temporary pleasures, or satisfaction derived from pleasing emotions, with a focus on mental development and the pursuit of truth. Such renunciation must follow the Middle Path, emphasizing non-attachment without a total rejection of worldly life. Renunciation is one of the ten perfections (Parami) that a Bodhisattva must cultivate to achieve supreme enlightenment. New insights into Nekkhamma Paramithrough the Middle Path include: 1) letting go of worldly attachments without denying worldly life, 2) detaching from unnecessary things and valuing simplicity, 3) cultivating mindfulness and wisdom to discern what to relinquish, 4) balancing renunciation with service to society, and 5) abandoning defilements without self-mortification, focusing on wise, balanced detachment without extremes or self-harm.