Cyber Warfare

Abstract

Cyber warfare refers to the use of digital means to attack an adversary with the intent to inflict damage comparable to that of conventional warfare. By employing cyberspace as a tool, cyber warfare can generate physical harm, endanger people or real-world assets, disrupt operations, or destroy critical computer systems. It involves the use of a nation’s cyber capabilities to threaten, intimidate, or even devastate another nation.

Technological advancements have interconnected millions of computers across the globe through what is known as the Internet. While the Internet has greatly benefited global communication, it can also serve as a weapon in military operations and warfare. This development has significantly altered the nature of conflict from traditional forms of warfare. Modern conflict may manifest through operations conducted via networked systems—commonly referred to as cyber war—which does not necessarily require troop deployment or physical weaponry. A hostile actor may inflict severe damage simply by operating from behind a computer screen, without the use of bombs or other kinetic means.

The United States is often regarded as a global leader in cyber warfare, possessing highly skilled cyber operators. However, other nations such as China and Russia also possess advanced cyber capabilities and are capable of infiltrating U.S. systems. Although the United States appears to hold an advantage in cyber warfare, such superiority does not guarantee victory. A full-scale cyber war could inflict extensive damage on the targeted state, particularly given the world’s heavy reliance on computer networks for business and daily activities—systems that are inherently vulnerable to cyberattacks. Potential impacts include financial theft, loss of confidential commercial information, and numerous other forms of disruption.

Cyber warfare exerts significant influence on national security strategies. Many countries have begun preparing themselves to strengthen their readiness and enhance their cyber warfare capabilities. Accordingly, Thailand should also prepare to build high-level capabilities in cyber warfare to ensure national resilience and security in the evolving strategic environment.