Reforming Hajj Quota Allocation for Equity: Indonesia's Waiting Period Reduction Policy Under Law 14/2025

Muhammad Alfia Ilfa

Authors

Muhammad Alfia Ilfa Sunan Kudus Islamic State University, Indonesia

Keywords:

Hajj Quota, Equity, Distributive Justice, Indonesia Law

Abstract

Indonesia faces a systemic Hajj crisis characterized by extreme regional disparities in waiting periods (11–47 years), which violate principles of equity in access to the fifth pillar of Islam. To resolve this, Law Number 14 of 2025 replaced the population-based quota system with a waiting-list proportion formula, standardizing the national average waiting period to 27 years. This study applies qualitative policy analysis, integrating Islamic governance principles (siyāsah sharʿīyah) with Grindle’s and Edwards’ implementation frameworks. Data were drawn from Law 14/2025, Ministry of Hajj and Umrah reports (2020–2026), and provincial quota statistics. Findings show a dual outcome. The policy enhances legal certainty and is projected to reduce elderly pilgrim mortality by 10–15% by accelerating departures in high-backlog provinces. However, it faces strong political resistance, particularly from West Java (loss of 9,083 slots), and technical challenges including 10% data inconsistencies in the SISKOHAT system. Despite infrastructural constraints, the reform marks a significant step toward substantive equity in Hajj management. It offers a pioneering model for other Muslim-majority nations in reconciling religious justice with modern public administration.

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