Development of a Digital Technology-Based Database and Evidence Management System in the Justice Process: A Case Study of Ubon Ratchathani Province

Abstract

This research aims (1) to examine the problems and obstacles concerning the data system and evidence storage in the justice process of Ubon Ratchathani Province, and (2) to propose development approaches using digital technologies. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, utilizing in-depth interviews with 13 key informants from the police, public prosecutors, judiciary, probation department, and digital technology scholars. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides, approved by a research ethics committee, and analyzed through content analysis and triangulation. The findings reveal two major areas: 1) Key problems and challenges in the provincial data and evidence management systems include: (1) Fragmented data structures and continued reliance on paper-based documentation; (2) Disconnected systems such as AWIS/POLIS, e-Saraban, e-Filing/CIOS, and DOPIS, which require physical transmission of case files and judgments; (3) Limited access to the central data exchange platform, restricted to central agencies, with no shared standard case number system; (4) Lack of real-time case tracking mechanisms; (5) Paper-based file storage imposes burdens on retrieval and timely disposal; and (6) Administrative staff face redundant data entry into both digital and paper systems, causing delays and inefficiencies. 2) Proposed development approaches for a secure and verifiable integrated data system include: (1) A centralized or interoperable database with standardized protocols; (2) Single Sign-On (SSO) with identity verification providers and a unified reference via black-case numbers; (3) Blockchain technology to verify the integrity and auditability of evidence; (4) Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) with audit logging; (5) Open data integration through a provincial-level data exchange center; (6) Artificial Intelligence (AI) to assist in evidence classification and analysis; (7) Encryption aligned with NIST, PDPA and GDPR standards; and (8) Establishing a joint digital infrastructure fund within the justice sector to support progressive budgeting and inter-agency collaboration. Policy recommendations include enacting legislation for a standard case number system, mandating paperless processes, and upgrading the provincial justice data center into a fully integrated hub.